Reflective In-Depth Study of 1 Peter 1:17
The Russian author and political activist Maxim Gorky (1868-1936),
who was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature, wrote, "When
work is a pleasure, life is a joy. When work is a duty, life is slavery." When
one loves what he does, and even longs to engage himself in it, it is difficult
to think of it as "work" or a "duty."
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
observed in his journal, "Good for the body is the work of the body, good
for the soul the work of the soul, and good for either the work of the other."
We are most fulfilled when actively engaged in that which we love, even though
that work may consume much of our time and energy, for through it we truly
express the nature and purpose of our being. Our Father intends for His beloved
children to be actively engaged in doing that which is good. Not for the
purpose of becoming His children, but because we're His children. We are saved
for good works, not by good works. "For by grace you have been saved
through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God; not as a
result of works, so that no one may boast. For we are His workmanship, created
in the Messiah Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand so that we would
walk in them" (Ephesians 2:8-10).
Very few devoted disciples of Jesus deny the view that our
God expects His people, both individually and collectively, to engage in "good
deeds" during the course of their lives here on earth. Indeed, as the
apostle, Paul clearly stated above, that God prepared these deeds/works "beforehand
so that we would walk in them." The real question is not the reality of
these works, but rather of their purpose and place.
Is our eternal salvation
conditioned upon our performance of these "good works"? Do we engage
in them in order to be saved, or do we engage in them because we already are
saved? Those of us who believe we are saved by grace through faith, take the
position that our salvation is not performance-based or works-based. Yes, we
most definitely reflect the reality of our redemption in our daily responses to
His gracious gift of salvation. We have faith, and we show it (a point the
brother of Jesus makes powerfully plain in James 2). We do various good works,
as we have opportunity and ability, as faith and love responses to the One who
saved us.
On the other hand, there are Christians who genuinely believe that
our admission into the presence of God on "Judgment Day" will be
determined only then, and not before and that it will be based on His judgment
at that time of how successfully and correctly we performed these "deeds."
Thus, salvation becomes more about what we do than what He did. If I'm good
enough, and work hard enough, and do enough good to outweigh the bad in my
life, then He just might allow me into His presence.
One of the passages in the
Bible that such misled disciples employ in seeking to validate their works-based
theology is 1 Peter 1:17, which urges us to "pass the time of your
sojourning here in fear," because "the Father judges according to
every man's work" (KJV).
Well, there you have it, they tell us. God will judge our "works,"
and since we are never sure if we've done enough, we, therefore, go through life "in
fear." What a miserable existence! But, wait a minute! Is this really what
the apostle Peter is saying here? We have often been told this is his message but is it?! As Patrick Mead might say (in his video series), "Who told you
that?!" A valid question, and one we need to be asking far more often than
we do.
Rather than seeking the fountainhead of this misinformed
misinterpretation, let's take our search even farther back: let's take it to
Peter himself. What was he seeking to convey to these early disciples in that
particular passage? The main message of the first part of Peter's first epistle
to the "elect" of God who were "scattered about" is: You
have a living hope and sure salvation, which is certainly a far cry from a
sojourn characterized by fear (if we accept the view that "fear" is
here referring to being afraid).
Just prior to verse 17 of this first chapter of his first
epistle, Peter tells his readers, "Fix your hope completely on the grace
to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus the Messiah" (vs. 13). Notice
that our "hope" (our confident expectation) is to be fixed completely
on GRACE. That is not a minor point.
If our hope is fixed on our own works, and
whether or not we have done enough of them, and done them well enough, then
hope is demoted to fear.
True hope is in His promise, not our performance! Our
love for Him and our faith in Him leads us to a "joy inexpressible" (vs.
8). The outcome of faith is salvation (vs. 9), and "as to this salvation,
the prophets who prophesied of the grace that would come to you made careful
search and inquiry" (vs. 10). This was good news that grabbed the attention
even of the prophets who spoke of it in ages past. This was a radical Gospel "into
which even angels long to look" (vs. 12). And it is ours, by grace through
faith, and NOT of any works we may have done!
So, what are we to make of 1
Peter 1:17, which, we are told by
some, proclaims the "good news" that God will one day judge our
works, and in light of such we should live in fear during our sojourn on earth?!
Let's begin this investigation into authorial intent by noticing how a number
of versions of the Bible have translated this verse:
1. Common
English Bible - Since you call upon a Father who judges all people according to
their actions without favoritism, you should conduct yourselves with reverence
during the time of your dwelling in a strange land.
2. Complete
Jewish Bible - If you are addressing as Father the One who judges impartially
according to each person's actions, you should live out your temporary stay on
earth in fear.
3. English
Standard Version - If you call on Him as Father who judges impartially
according to each one's deeds, conduct yourselves with fear throughout the time
of your exile.
4. Holman
Christian Standard Bible - If you address as Father the One who judges
impartially based on each one's work, you are to conduct yourselves in fear
during the time of your temporary residence.
5. New
International Version - Since you call on a Father who judges each person's
work impartially, live out your time as foreigners here in reverent fear.
6. New Century
Catholic Bible - If you address as Father the One who judges everyone
impartially on the basis of each person's deeds live in reverent fear during
the time of your exile here.
Obviously, we could list scores of additional translations
here, but almost all of them emphasize the same salient points, even though they
may phrase those points differently.
(1) Peter's readers are disciples of
the Messiah Jesus and sons and daughters of God the Father. They love the Lord God and
have faith in Him. They have a blessed hope based on His love, mercy, and grace.
(2) They have bold confidence that allows them to address God as "Father."
(3) God doesn't play favorites with His children. He is impartial; He doesn't
base His feelings for one over another by comparing and contrasting them with
one another; He is fair.
(4) His children are scattered abroad; dispersed
throughout the land, yet they are never beyond the reach of His love.
(5) He
knows their deeds/works; He knows their hearts, and what motivates them to act
or not act in any given situation or circumstance.
(6) He judges the value of
each one's work.
(7) God longs for their respect and reverence in all they say
and do.
(8) This world is not their home; they are strangers and sojourners
here; their eternal future lies in the new heavens and earth.
A day is coming
when this hope will be fully realized. In light of this, "what sort of
people ought you to be in holy conduct and godliness, looking for and hastening
the coming of the day of God" (2 Peter 3:11-12).
As we reflect more deeply upon this passage, a number of keywords jump out at us demanding closer examination. Father ... Judge ... Impartial
... Works ... Sojourn ... Fear. Entire sermons and classes could be (and have
been) done on each of these terms and all that they signify for those of us who
are disciples of Jesus. Some of these terms are not necessarily "triggers"
for heated debate, while others most definitely are when employed by those
seeking to promote a particular party perspective.
The word "fear," for
example. There was a time when it was considered advantageous to those in
positions of religious power to promote a view of God that left "the
common church folk" in absolute terror of God and His "clergy class"
if they failed to comply with directives "from on high." Anyone
familiar with church history can cite case after case of such clerical abuse of
the laity, all laid at the feet of a cruel, harsh, ever-ready-for-reprisal God.
In more recent times, thankfully, we have come to realize that God never
desired nor intended for His people to live in fear or terror of Him. The
phrase "fear not" appears throughout the Bible, but these were often
pushed aside as "not helpful" to maintaining control of those in the
pews. Yes, we should have a healthy respect and reverence for our Father, as He
is our great Creator and Sustainer; He is Sovereign and deserves to be revered
as such. Those who oppose Him and seek to harm His people, as well as all those
who once served Him, but now have turned against Him, will indeed at some point
experience the terror that will befall them for such lack of reverence,
apostasy, and godlessness (Hebrews 10:26-31).
God's beloved children, however,
have no need to fear Him; indeed, they are instructed not to. Most of us today
understand this distinction, so we don't struggle with the term "fear"
all that much. For those brethren who may still struggle with this, I would
suggest a reading of and a reflecting upon my following two studies: "The
Fear of the Lord: Should the Disciples of Christ be Fearful of their Father?"
(Reflections #473) and "Breaking Free of Fear: Enjoying the Liberty
of Grace" (Reflections #556).
Peter also refers to the faithful Christian as a sojourner
on earth, a temporary resident of this realm, a "stranger in a strange
land" (to use the title of a classic Robert Heinlein novel). His first
epistle is addressed to "those who reside as aliens, scattered throughout
Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, who are chosen according to
the foreknowledge of God the Father, by the sanctifying work of the Spirit, to
obey Jesus the Messiah and be sprinkled with His blood" (1 Peter 1:1-2).
The
book of Acts speaks of persecution that broke out against the church in Jerusalem,
"and they were all scattered throughout the regions of Judea
and Samaria, except the apostles"
(Acts 8:1). Luke also noted that "those who had been scattered went about
preaching the word" (vs. 4). Several places in Hebrews 11 we read of
believers throughout the ages who regarded their stay on earth as temporary,
and that their citizenship was elsewhere. "By faith, Abraham lived as an
alien in the land of promise, as in a foreign land ... for he was looking for
the city which has foundations, whose architect and builder is God" (vs. 9-10).
These men and women of faith who are listed in this chapter "confessed
that they were strangers and exiles on the earth, ... that they were seeking a
country of their own, ... they desired a better country, that is, a heavenly
one. Therefore, God is not ashamed to be called their God; for He has prepared
a city for them" (vs. 13-16). It was to such saints as these that Peter
wrote: beloved children of God, who are privileged to be able to call upon Him
as "Father" (1 Peter 1:17).
"See how great a love the Father has bestowed on us, that we would be
called children of God; and such we are. ... Beloved, now we are children of
God, and it has not appeared as yet what we will be. We know that when He
appears, we will be like Him because we will see Him just as He is. And
everyone who has this hope fixed on Him purifies himself, just as He is pure"
(1 John 3:1-3). Those to whom Peter wrote shared this hope; thus, Peter urged
them to live lives of holiness during their brief time on earth (1 Peter 1:13-16).
Peter's readers (and that includes us today as well), were
called to conduct themselves in their daily lives in a manner that reflected
their deep love and reverence for their Father, as well as their love and
devotion for one another. "Since you have in obedience to the truth
purified your souls for a sincere love of the brethren, fervently love one
another from the heart" (1 Peter 1:22),
and "put aside all malice and all deceit and hypocrisy and envy and all
slander, ... growing in respect to salvation" (1 Peter 2:1-2). Peter wrote
to people who were saved; he wrote to the redeemed, to true believers who were
seeking to "walk in a manner worthy of the calling with which they had
been called" (Ephesians 4:1), and to "be imitators of God, as beloved
children; and to walk in love" (Ephesians 5:1-2). This is the context
within which we find our text in 1 Peter 1:17.
With all of this in mind, we
find this statement by Peter about our God and Father: He "impartially
judges according to each one's work" (1 Peter 1:17, NASB). When we read this statement, our minds tend to
focus on the word "judge," and it is true that ultimate judgment is
in the hands of Deity. A "Day of the Lord" is coming when a great
consummation and transformation will occur, as well as a great separation
between "sheep and goats" (Matthew 25). It is easy to see why some
would assume it is "Judgment Day" that Peter had in mind when He
wrote this statement. The context, however, doesn't really support that
assumption.
Remember, it is not the redeemed being judged here; these people
are already saved; "in the Messiah Jesus" the verdict has already been
rendered regarding their eternal fate. Jesus Himself declared, "Truly,
truly, I say to you, he who hears my word and believes Him who sent Me, has
eternal life, and does not come into judgment, but has passed out of death into
life" (John 5:24). "God has given us eternal life, and this life is
in His Son. He who has the Son has the life; he who does not have the Son of
God does not have the life. These things I have written to you who believe in
the name of the Son of God, so that you may know that you have eternal life"
(1 John 5:11-13).
When Peter refers to the Father's "judging," he is
not speaking of eternal salvation; he is not referring to the ultimate
separating of sheep from goats. Peter is telling these saved saints that their
Father is aware of their service to Him, their daily deeds and works performed
as His beloved children, and that He is fair and impartial in His evaluation of
these many "works" being done in His name and to His glory. Unlike we
humans, God will not "play favorites," elevating one person over
another based on their deeds done in the flesh. We are each unique in our
abilities and opportunities; my service to Him will not be evaluated by the "standard"
of your service to Him. He judges/evaluates our work individually and
impartially.
Contrast this with how some in Corinth
were judging/evaluating the work/service of men like Paul and Apollos: elevating
one above the other. "What then is Apollos? And what is Paul? Servants
through whom you believed, even as the Lord God gave the opportunity to each one. I
planted, Apollos watered, but God was causing the growth. So then, neither the
one who plants nor the one who waters is anything, but God who causes the
growth. Now, he who plants and he who waters are one; but each will receive his
own reward according to his own labor. For we are God's fellow workers" (1
Corinthians 3:5-9).
The "reward" of which Paul speaks may well be
experienced temporally (here) as well as eternally (hereafter). Such has been
referred to by scholars and theologians as "degrees of reward and
punishment." This doctrine seems also to be the emphasis of Paul's
statement in 2 Corinthians 5:10.
Paul is certainly not suggesting in this text
that our salvation is unsure, or that we'll only find out our eternal fate on "Judgment
Day." The point he makes is simply that "on that day" ALL of
mankind, good and bad, will stand before Deity, with the saved experiencing "degrees
of reward" and the lost experiencing "degrees of punishment." Commenting
on this passage, Drs. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown write, "Though
salvation is of grace purely, independent of works, the saved may have a
greater or lesser reward, according as he lives to, and labors for, the Messiah more
or less" [Commentary Practical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, p. 1240].
Although there has been significant speculation over the centuries about this
doctrine of "degrees," it is important to note that the text does NOT
teach salvation by works, but only that there will be various levels or degrees
of appreciation and reward experienced by the saved! We will gladly leave it to
the Lord to sort out what that will look like for each of us! I truly can only
imagine!
"God is impartial. Outward appearance, wealth, culture,
social position, family background, education, beauty, intellect, all things
that more or less sway the opinions of man, do not count with God when it comes
to appraising a person's" work and service [Dr. Kenneth S. Wuest, Word
Studies from the Greek NT, vol. 2 - 1st Peter, p. 40]. "God sees (judges) not
as man sees (judges), for man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord
looks at the heart" (1 Samuel 16:7). As Jesus evaluates His called-out Assembly (represented
by the seven Assemblies of Asia Minor), He often points
out: "I know your deeds..." (Revelation 2:2, 19; 3:8, 15), just as He
also points out to some, "I have not found your deeds completed in the
sight of My God" (Revelation 3:2). The Lord Jesus judges and evaluates the deeds/works/service
of His people. Some are on the right track, others need some encouragement in
their service to Him, and some even need to redirect their efforts to be more
in line with His purposes and expectations. Such judgment is not necessarily
being linked to heaven or hell, life or death; rather, the Lord Jesus evaluates our
efforts to keep us on course during our sojourn here on earth. Sometimes,
during our sojourn, we hear from the Lord Jesus, "well done; keep it up"
... other times we may be cautioned if we are drifting ... sometimes we may
even be warned that we are "off course." It is such impartial "judging"
of each believer's "work" that Peter speaks of in 1 Peter 1:17. It is
not about our salvation, it is about our service.
"God is not speaking of the final judgment of a man/woman.
The thing spoken of here is the daily judgment of God's government in this
world, exercised with regard to His children. It is a judgment applied to
Christian life" [John Darby, Synopsis of the Bible, e-Sword]. God desires
us to be holy during our sojourn here, and for our deeds and service to be
consistent with His eternal purposes. Thus, He evaluates and if need be
redirects us in our walk with Him. "Our text distinctly speaks of a
present judgment. ... There is a perpetual present judgment going on" [The
Pulpit Commentary, vol. 22, p. 36]. It is a loving Father lovingly guiding His
beloved child: at times encouraging, at times warning, always with love. "We
had earthly fathers to discipline us, and we respected them; shall we not much
rather be subject to the Father of spirits, and live? For they disciplined us
for a short time as seemed best to them, but He disciplines us for our good, so
that we may share His holiness" (Hebrews 12:9-10).
Our Father is keenly
interested in and intimately involved with our daily walk with Him here on
earth, and He provides guidance and counsel that we may not drift from the "highway
of holiness" He has called us to walk upon. Understanding this aspect of
His loving interaction with us, should we not revere Him all the more each day
of our journey?!! This is exactly what Peter is talking about in 1 Peter 1:17.
The Scottish Baptist minister Alexander MacLaren (1826-1910),
in his "Expositions of Holy Scripture," wrote, "I beseech you to
ponder the thought that at each moment of each of our lives an estimate of the
moral character of each of our deeds is present to the Divine mind. ... He has
judged them already, in the double sense that He has appraised their value and
estimated their bearing upon our characters. ... One sometimes wishes that
people did not so much believe in a future judgment, in so far as it obscures
to them the solemn thought of a present and a continuous one."
The British
Methodist theologian Adam Clarke (1762-1832) offered a similar insight: "It
would be well if those sinners and spurious believers who fancy themselves safe
and complete in the righteousness of Christ, while impure and unholy in
themselves, would think of this testimony of the apostle Peter" [Clarke's
Commentary, vol. 6, p. 847].
Let me close this study with the following two
thoughts for you to ponder: "Justified persons are persons changed by
grace, and they should walk in good works (Ephesians 2:10) as the evidence of that grace" [The Expositor's
Bible Commentary, vol. 12, p. 224]. "In the whole course of your daily life,
in all its details, as you move hither and thither among men, take the holiness
of God for your pattern" [The Pulpit Commentary, vol. 22, p. 9].
Dear
Lord, may it be so in each of our lives, so that we may be more effective in
our service to You!!
Written by Al Maxey [http://www.zianet.com/maxey/refintro.htm] edited by Bruce Lyon
