THE BOOK OF HEBREWS

HEBREWS CHAPTER ONE

Hebrews Chapter One is a profound and theologically rich opening of the book of Hebrews emphasizing the supremacy of the lord Messiah Jesus, whom God has made lord and Messiah over all things of His creation, the heavens, the earth, and humanity.

Below is a detailed breakdown of the chapter:

The Supremacy of the Son of God

Introduction: God’s Final Revelation Through His Son (1:1-4)

In the past, God - Yehovah spoke to our ancestors at many different times and in many different ways through the prophets. In these last days, He has spoken to us through His Son. God made his Son responsible for everything. His Son is through whom [because of whom] God made the universe. His Son is the reflection of God’s – Yehovah's glory and the exact likeness of God’s – Yehovah’s being. He holds everything together through his powerful words. After he had cleansed people from their sins [through his sin-offering sacrifice], he now holds the honored position - seated at the right hand of God - Yehovah [the Father] on the heavenly throne.

God’s - Yehovah's Son Is Superior to the Angels

The Son has become greater than the angels since he has been given a name that is superior to theirs.

The chapter begins by contrasting how God - Yehovah spoke in the past through the prophets with how He now speaks through His Son, the lord Messiah Jesus.

Past Revelation (v. 1): 

God - Yehovah spoke "at many times and in various ways" through the prophets (e.g., Moses, Isaiah, Jeremiah). 

Present Revelation (v. 2-4): 

In "these last days," God - Yehovah has spoken definitively through His Son, Jesus, who is: Heir of all things – the one He appointed ruler over creation: 

Psalm 2:8: Ask me, and I will give you the nations as your inheritance and the ends of the earth as your own possession. 

Radiance of God’s – Yehovah’s glory – The visible manifestation of God’s – Yehovah’s nature: 

John 1:14: The word became human and lived among us. We saw his glory. It was the glory that the Father - Yehovah shares with His uniquely begotten Son, a glory full of grace and truth. 

Note: Indee, the prophetic word, became a man, a human being: 

Notice: Genesis 3:15: I will make you and the woman hostile toward each other. I will make your – Satan’s descendants and her – Eve’s descendant hostile toward each other. He – the lord Messiah Jesus will crush your – Satan’s head, and you – Satan will bruise his heel – inspire the leaders of the Jews to crucify him.” 

2 Corinthians 4:6: We are his servants because the same God - Yehovah who said that light should shine out of darkness has given us light. For that reason, we bring to light the knowledge about God’s – Yehovah’s glory, which shines from the Messiah’s face. 

Exact representation of His being – Jesus is the perfect imprint of God’s essence: 

Colossians 1:15: He is the image of the invisible God - Yehovah, the firstborn of all creation. 

Sustainer of all things – He upholds creation by the power given to him by his God and Father Yehovah: 

Note: Colossians 1:17: He existed [in the mind of God – Yehovah before the foundation of the ages] before everything and holds everything together [now because the one God – Yehovah has made lord and Messiah ruler over heaven and earth and all mankind]. 

Purifier of sins – Through His sin-offering sacrificial death, He cleanses humanity from sin and reconciled humanity to his God and his Father Yehovah, so that God - Yehovah can forgive a mans/womans sins justly if they come with a humble and contrite spirit of repentane.

Exalted above all – After his resurrection, he sat down at the right hand of God – Yehovah in a position of supreme authority:

Psalm 110:1: The Lord (Yehovah) says to my lord (the Messiah), Sit at My right hand, until I make your adversaries your footstool. 

Superior to angels (v. 4): Jesus inherits a name far greater than any angelic being.

2. The Son’s Superiority Over Angels (1:5-14)

God never said to any of his angels, “You are my Son. Today, I have become your Father.”

And God never said to any of his angels: “I will be his Father, and he will be my Son.”

 When God was about to send His firstborn Son into the world, he said: “All of God’s angels must pay homage to him.”

 God said about the angels: “He makes his messengers winds. He makes his servants flames of fire.”

But God said about His Son: “Your throne, O god [Elohim – a Hebrew word used to refer to kings, rulers, angels, etc.] is forever and ever. The scepter in your kingdom is a scepter for justice. You have loved what is right and hated what is wrong. That is why God - Yehovah, your God, anointed you, rather than your companions, with the oil of joy.”

And:

“Lord - Yehovah, in the beginning you laid the foundation of the earth. With your own hands, you made the heavens. They will come to an end, but you will live forever. They will all wear out like clothes. They will be taken off like a coat. You will change them like clothes. But you remain the same, and your life will never end.

But God never said to any of the angels: “Take the honored position - the one next to me on the heavenly throne until I put your enemies under your control.”

What are all the angels? They are spirits sent to serve those who are going to receive salvation.

The author proves the lord Messiah Jesus' supremacy by quoting seven Old Testament passages, showing that Jesus is uniquely God’s - Yehovah Son, worshipped by angels, and reigning eternally.

A. Jesus is the Son of God - Yehovah (v. 5)

"For to which of the angels did he ever say: 'You are my Son, today I have begotten you?" And again, “I will be a Father to him, and he will be a Son to me?"

• Quotes Psalm 2:7, showing the lord Messiah Jesus' unique sonship.
• 
  
• Also references 2 Samuel 7:14, indicating His Messianic kingship.

Psalm 2:7: "You are my Son; today I have become your Father." 

God declares Jesus as His uniquely begotten Son

 Acts 13:33: This is he has fulfilled to us their children by raising Jesus, as also it is written in the second Psalm, “‘You are my Son, today I have begotten you.

2 Samuel 7:14: "I will be his Father, and he will be my Son."

B. Angels Worship = pay homage to the Son (v. 6)

"And when he again brings the firstborn into the world, he says: "And let all the angels of God - Yehovah worship - pay homage to him.”

• "Firstborn" (prōtotokos) emphasizes his preeminence (Colossians 1:15).
•  
• Angels worship - pay homage to Jesus (Revelation 5:11-12; Matthew 2:11), proving He is the Son of God - Yehovah.

Revelation 5:11-14: Then I heard the voices of many angels, the four living creatures, and the leaders surrounding the throne. They numbered ten thousand times ten thousand and thousands of times thousands. In a loud voice, they were singing:

“The lamb who was slain deserves to receive power, wealth, wisdom, strength, honor, glory, and praise.” I heard every creature in heaven, on earth, under the earth, and on the sea. Every creature in those places was singing, “To the one who sits on the throne and to the lamb be praise, honor, glory, and power forever and ever.” The four living creatures said, “Amen!” Then the leaders bowed and worshiped [God – Yehovah and His uniquely begotten son the lord Messiah Jesus].

C. The Son is the Eternal King (v. 7-9)

Verse 7: "And of the angels he says: “He makes His angels spirits, and His ministers a flame of fire.”."

• This quote is from Psalm 104:4, describing angels as created beings, like the lord Messiah Jesus, who was created in the womb of his mother, Mary by the power of the Spirit of God - Yehovah.

• Psalm 104:4 (v. 7): Angels are servants (like winds and flames).

• Psalm 45:6-7 (v. 8-9) – Addressed to the Messiah:
• 
  
• "Your throne, O god - Elohim, is forever and ever."
• Jesus is called god - Elohim and reigns with righteousness. Elohim – god is a word used to address angels, rulers, king’s magistrates, etc.
• 
  
• Anointed above all others:
•  
• Isaiah 61:1: The Spirit of the Almighty Yehovah is with me because Yehovah has anointed me to deliver good news [message of salvation, the message about the kingdom of God] to humble people.
• 
  He has sent me to heal those who are brokenhearted, to announce that captives will be set free and prisoners will be released.

Verses 8-9: "But of the Son, “Your throne, O god - Elohim, is forever; the scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness; therefore God - Yehovah, your God - Yehovah, has anointed you with the oil of gladness beyond your companions.”

• Here, the lord Messiah Jesus is called god – Elohim [which term – word is used to address king, and princes, rulers, and judges, etc. (Psalm 45:6-7).
•  
• The scepter represents His righteous rule (Revelation 19:15-16)

D. The following shows that God - Yehovah is the creator of the earth and that He is eternal (v. 10-12)

Verses 10-12: “And, “You, Lord – Yehovah, laid the foundation of the earth in the beginning, and the heavens are the work of your hands; they will perish, but you remain; and they will all grow old like a garment, And like a garment you will roll them up, and they will be changed; but you are the same, and your years will never end.”

• Quotes Psalm 102:25-27, affirming God – Yehovah as the Creator.
•  
• “You – Yehovah” – Yehovah is eternal and unchanging. (Malachi 3:6: “For I, Yahweh, have not changed,).

E. The Son Reigns in Victory (v. 13-14)

Verse 13: “And of the angels he says, “He makes his angels spirits, and his ministers a flame of fire.”

Cites Psalm 110:1, a messianic prophecy of the lord Messiah Jesus' exaltation.

• The lord Messiah Jesus' enemies will be defeated (Revelation 19:15-21).

• Psalm 110:1: Yehovah said to His Messiah, "Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool.

Angels' Role (v. 14)

(V. 14) "Angels are merely ministering spirits sent to serve the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus, but the lord Messiah Jesus is the sovereign lord."

Note: The Jewish law of agency "a person's agent is like himself", so all that the lord Messiah Jesus did and does now, or said or says now, it is as it God – Yehovah were doing or saying it.

Key Themes

The lord Messiah Jesus' Supremacy: Jesus is superior to all previous revelations (prophets) and heavenly beings (angels).

Nature of the lord Messiah Jesus: He is the uniquely begotten Son of God, sharing in God’s essence, glory, and creative power.

Exaltation of the lord Messiah Jesus: His resurrection and ascension confirm His authority over all creation now as God has appointed him lord and Messiah.

Contrast with Angels – Angels are servants; Jesus is the uniquely begotten Son of God, worthy of worship.

Why This Matters to the Jewish followers of the lord Messiah Jesus.

• The lord Messiah Jesus is greater than any Old Testament figures or angels.
• There is no need to return to Judaism - the lord Messiah Jesus is the fulfillment of all the Old Testament prophecies.
• The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus should hold fast to the lord Messiah Jesus, the ultimate revelation of God.

Hebrews Chapter One sets the foundation for the book’s argument: Jesus is God's - Yehovah's ultimate revelation, the fulfillment of the Old Covenant prophecies about him, and the one who is the  High Priest in heaven for the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus.

HEBREWS CHAPTER TWO

Outline of Hebrews Chapter Two

The Danger of Neglecting Salvation (Hebrews 2:1–4)

Therefore, we must pay much closer attention to what we have heard, lest we drift away from it. For since the message declared by angels proved to be reliable, and every transgression or disobedience received a just retribution, how shall we escape if we neglect such a great salvation? It was declared at first by the lord, and it was attested to us by those who heard, while God - Yehovah also bore witness by signs and wonders and various miracles and by gifts of the Holy Spirit distributed according to His will.

A. The Call to Pay Attention (v. 1)

 
“Therefore, we must give the more earnest heed to the things we have heard, lest we drift away.”

 
The connection to Hebrews 1:1-14: since the lord Messiah Jesus is greater than the angels, His message about the kingdom of God must be heeded.

 
Cross-references:

 
Proverbs 4:20-22: Pay attention to God's – Yehovah’s word for life and health.

 
2 Peter 1:19: The word of God - Yehovah is a light shining in the darkness.

B. The Certainty of Judgment (v. 2)

 
“For if the word spoken through angels proved steadfast, and every transgression and disobedience received a just reward…”

 
The Mosaic Law was given through angels (Acts 7:53, Galatians 3:19).

 
Cross-references:

Deuteronomy 33:2: Angels were involved in delivering the Law.

 
Romans 2:2-3: God’s – Yehovah’s judgment is certain and just.

C. The Greatness of Salvation Through the lord Messiah Jesus (v. 3)

“How shall we escape if we neglect so great a salvation…”

 
The salvation message about the kingdom of God, first spoken by the lord Messiah Jesus) was confirmed by those who heard him (the apostles).

Cross-references:

 
Acts 4:12: Salvation is found in no one else but the lord Messiah Jesus.

John 14:6: The lord Messiah Jesus is the way, the truth, and the life. [the way into the kingdom of God, the truth as to what it takes to get there, and the end result when we do, eternal life!

D. The Divine Confirmation of the Message (v. 4)

 
“God - Yehovah also bearing witness both with signs and wonders, with miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit, according to His own will?”

 
Miracles confirmed the gospel (Mark 16:20, Acts 2:22, Acts 5:12).

The Humiliation and Exaltation of Christ (Hebrews 2:5–9)

He did not put the age that will come (about which we are talking) under the angels’ control. Instead, someone has declared this somewhere in Scripture:

“What is a mortal that you should remember him, or the Son of Man [refers to a human being] that you take care of him? You [Yehovah] made him a little lower than the angels. You crowned him with glory and honor. You put everything under his control.”

When God – Yehovah [after Jesus resurrection] put everything under his Son’s control, nothing was left out.

However, at the present time, we still don’t see everything under His Son’s control. The lord Messiah Jesus was made a little lower than the angels, but we see him crowned with glory and honor because he suffered death [by giving himself to his God and his Father Yehovah as a sin-offering sacrifice which resulted in reconciling humanity to God – Yehovah]. Through God’s – Yehovah’s grace, he died for the benefit of everyone.

A. The lord Messiah Jesus Authority Over the age to Come (v. 5)

 
“For He - Yehovah has not put the age to come, of which we speak, in subjection to angels.”

 
Cross-references:

 
Psalm 8:6: God - Yehovah has given man dominion over creation.

 
1 Corinthians 6:3: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus will judge angels.

B. The Quotation from Psalm 8 (vv. 6-8)

 
“What is man that You - Yehovah are mindful of him, or the son of man [refers to a human being] that You take care of him?”

 
The writer quotes Psalm 8:4-6 to show humanity’s intended glory.

C. The Temporary Lowering of the lord Messiah Jesus Below the Angels (v. 8-9)

 
“But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels, for the suffering of death crowned with glory and honor…”

 
Jesus was fully human to suffer death.

 
Cross-references:

 
Philippians 2:5-8: The lord Messiah Jesus humbled himself in obedience to death.

 
1 Peter 1:11: the lord Messiah Jesus' suffering and subsequent glory were foretold.

The Purpose of the lord Messiah Jesus' Suffering (Hebrews 2:10–18)

For it was fitting that He - Yehovah, for whom and by whom all things exist, in bringing many sons to glory, should make the founder of their salvation perfect through suffering. For he who sanctifies and those who are sanctified [set apart for God's – Yehovah’s special use and purpose] all have one source. That is why he is not ashamed to call them brothers, saying: “I will tell of your name [Yehovah] to my brothers; in the midst of the congregation, I will sing your praise.”

And again: “I will put my trust in him [Yehovah].”

And again: “Behold, I and the children God - Yehovah has given me.”

Since therefore the children share in flesh and blood, he likewise partook of the same things, that through death [the sin-offering sacrifice his offered up to his God and Father – Yehovah so God – Yehovah could justly reconcile humanity to Himself and forgive their sine]. That he might destroy the one who has the power of death, that is, the devil, and deliver all those who through fear of death were subject to lifelong slavery. For surely it is not angels that he helps, but he helps the offspring of Abraham. Therefore, he had to be made like his brothers in every respect, so that he might become a merciful and faithful high priest in the service of God - Yehovah, to make propitiation – a sin-offering sacrifice] for the sins of the people. For because he has suffered when tempted, he is able to help those who are being tempted.

Note: If the lord Messiah Jesus was made perfect through, then he had to be all man and not the god/man as believed by Christian tradition. A god/man would not have to suffer to be made perfect as the lord Messiah Jesus was.

A. The Perfecting of the Captain of Salvation (v. 10)

 
“For it was fitting for Him - Yehovah, for whom are all things and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the captain of their salvation [the lord Messiah Jesus] perfect through sufferings.”

 
Cross-references:

 
Isaiah 53:3-5: The suffering of the Messiah.

 
Romans 8:29: Conformed to the image of the lord Messiah Jesus.

B. The lord Messiah Jesus Identifies with Humanity (vv. 11-13)

 
“For both He - Yehovah who sanctifies [sets apart] and those who are being sanctified [set apart for the purpose of God – Yehovah] are all of one…” Quotes from Psalm 22:22 and Isaiah 8:17-18.

 
Cross-references:

 
John 17:19: Jesus sanctifies (sets apart for God – Yehovah’s purpose) his followers.

C. The lord Messiah Jesus Defeats Satan and Delivers from Death (vv. 14-15)

 
“Inasmuch then as the children have partaken of flesh and blood, he likewise shared in the same, that through death [by the sin-offering sacrifice he offered up on the stake to his God and Father – Yehovah] that he might destroy him who had the power of death, that is, the devil.”

 
Cross-references:

 
1 John 3:8: the lord Messiah Jesus came to destroy the works of the devil.

 
Colossians 2:14-15: the lord Messiah Jesus triumphed over the powers of darkness.

D. Christ as the Merciful and Faithful High Priest (vv. 16-18)

 
“Therefore, in all things he had to be made like His brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful High Priest in things about God - Yehovah.”
The lord Messiah Jesus was tempted like us, so he can help us in our struggles.

 
Cross-references:

 
Hebrews 4:15: Jesus was tempted but without sin.

 
2 Corinthians 5:21: Jesus became sin for us.

Note: The scripture says the lord Messiah Jesus was tempted to sin but did not sin. This proves he was not the god/man that Christian tradition states because God cannot be tempted. Also, in no way could God - Yehovah become sin for us.

Summary and Application

We must not neglect the great salvation that the lord Messiah Jesus has provided.

 
The lord Messiah Jesus, though made lower than angels for a time, is now exalted and rules over creation as God – Yehovah has given him that authority when he made him lord and Messiah, giving him rule over creation, heaven, earth, and humanity.

 
Through his suffering, the lord Messiah Jesus identifies with us, destroys the power of death, and serves as our merciful High Priest.

HEBREWS CHAPTER THREE

Hebrews Chapter Three is crucial in the book of Hebrews, emphasizing the superiority of the lord Messiah Jesus over Moses and warning the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus against the dangers of unbelief and disobedience.

The lord Messiah Jesus Is Greater Than Moses (Hebrews 3:1-6)

Therefore, holy brothers and sisters, you who share in a heavenly calling, consider Jesus, the apostle and high priest of our confession, who was faithful to Him who appointed him, just as Moses also was faithful in all God's - Yehovah's house. For Jesus has been counted worthy of more glory than Moses; as much more glory as the builder of a house has more honor than the house itself. (For every house is built by someone, but the builder of all things is God - Yehovah). Now Moses was faithful in all God's - Yehovah's house as a servant, to testify to the things that were to be spoken later, but the Messiah is faithful over God's - Yehovah's house as a son. And we are His house, if indeed we hold fast our confidence and our boasting in our hope, firm to the end.

The chapter begins with an exhortation to the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus:

“Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, the Messiah Jesus” (Hebrews 3:1).

The author refers to the readers as holy brethren and partakers of the heavenly calling, signifying that they are the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus called to eternal life in the lord Messiah Jesus. The terms Apostle (meaning "sent one") and High Priest highlight Jesus' dual role as God’s - Yehovah's representative to humanity and humanity’s mediator before God - Yehovah.

Comparison Between Moses and Jesus

“Who was faithful to him that appointed him, as also Moses was faithful in all his house” (Hebrews 3:2, quoting Numbers 12:7)

The writer acknowledges Moses' faithfulness in God’s - Yehovah's house (i.e., Israel) but emphasizes that Jesus, too, was faithful. However, a key distinction is introduced in verses 3-4:

“For this man was counted worthy of more glory than Moses, since he who has built the house has more honour than the house. For every house is builded by some man; but he that built all things is God - Yehovah.” (Hebrews 3:3-4)

 
Moses was faithful in God’s house, but Jesus built the house (a reference to the authority given to him by God - Yehovah.

 
Jesus is superior because he is the Son of God, and because of him, all things were created:

Colossians 1:16: For because of him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities; all things were created through him and for him.

The distinction is further clarified:

“And Moses verily was faithful in all his house, as a servant, for a testimony of those things which were to be spoken after; But the Messiah as a son over his own house; whose house are we, if we hold fast the confidence and the rejoicing of the hope firm unto the end.” (Hebrews 3:5-6)

 
Moses was a servant, while Jesus is the Son.

 
Moses testified about the things to come, but Jesus fulfilled them.

 
The "house" represents God's - Yehovah's people [Israel], and those who hold fast in faith are truly part of it (Ephesians 2:19-22).

Note: If you are a follower of the lord Messiah Jesus, you have been grafted into the commonwealth of Israel and therefore are a spiritual Israelite.

A Warning Against Unbelief (Hebrews 3:7-19)

Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says:

“Today, if you hear His - Yehovah's voice, do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion, on the day of testing in the wilderness, where your fathers put me to the test and saw my works for forty years. Therefore, I was provoked with that generation, and said: ‘They always go astray in their heart; they have not known my ways.’ As I swore in my wrath, they shall not enter my rest.’”

Take care, brothers, lest there be in any of you an evil, unbelieving heart, leading you to fall away from the living God - Yehovah. But exhort one another every day, as long as it is called “today,” that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. For we have come to share in the Messiah, if indeed we hold our original confidence firm to the end. As it is said:

“Today, if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion.” For who were those who heard and yet rebelled? Was it not all those who left Egypt led by Moses? And with whom was He provoked for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness? And to whom did He swear that they would not enter his rest, but to those who were disobedient? So we see that they were unable to enter because of unbelief.

This section is a solemn warning against falling into unbelief, drawing from Israel's history in the wilderness.

“Wherefore (as the Holy Spirit says:

Today, if you will hear His voice, Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day of temptation in the wilderness: When your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my works forty years.” (Hebrews 3:7-9, quoting Psalm 95:7-11)

The passage recalls Israel’s rebellion at Meribah (Exodus 17:1-7) and their refusal to enter the Promised Land due to unbelief (Numbers 14:1-35).

The warning is urgent:

 
"Today" implies that obedience to God's - Yehovah's voice must not be delayed. "Harden not your hearts" warns against persistent unbelief, which leads to spiritual ruin.

God’s - Yehovah's Judgment on Unbelief

“Wherefore I was grieved with that generation, and said, They do always deviate from God's - Yehovah's path in their heart; and they have not known my ways. So I swear in my wrath, they shall not enter into my rest” (Hebrews 3:10-11)

This refers to God’s - Yehovah's oath that the disobedient Israelites would not enter the Promised Land (Deuteronomy 1:34-40). The rest is both the physical Promised Land and, in the future, a spiritual rest (fulfilled in the lord Messiah Jesus).

Exhortation to Remain Faithful

“Take heed, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief, in departing from the living God - Yehovah” (Hebrews 3:12)

 
Unbelief is described as "evil," showing its serious consequences.
Apostasy (departing from God) is a real danger if one does not persevere in faith.

Instead, believers must encourage one another:

“But exhort one another daily, while it is called Today; lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin” (Hebrews 3:13)

 
The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus' fellowship and daily encouragement prevent spiritual drift.

Sin is deceptive, leading to hardness of heart if unchecked.

Perseverance in Faith

“For we are made partakers of the Messiah, if we hold the beginning of our confidence steadfast unto the end” (Hebrews 3:14)

 
True followers of the lord Messiah Jesus persevere (cf. Matthew 24:13).

 
Faith is not a one-time act but must endure to the end of life.

The chapter concludes with a final reflection on Israel’s failure:

“For some, when they had heard, did provoke: howbeit not all that came out of Egypt by Moses. But with whom was He grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness?” (Hebrews 3:16-17)

 
Many Israelites perished in the wilderness due to their disobedience.
Their failure serves as a warning for New Testament believers.

The final verse makes the lesson explicit:

“So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief” (Hebrews 3:19)

 
Unbelief barred them from entering God's - Yehovah's rest.

 
Likewise, unbelief prevents people from entering the eternal rest of the lord Messiah Jesus.

Conclusion

Key Takeaways

The lord Messiah Jesus is superior to Moses. Moses was a faithful servant, but Jesus is God's - Yehovah's Son over God’s - Yehovah's house [Israel].

 
Faithfulness is required; the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus must "hold fast" their faith until the end.

Unbelief leads to judgment, just as Israel failed to enter the Promised Land. Persistent unbelief can prevent one from entering God’s 0 Yehovah's ultimate rest.

Encouragement is vital. The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus must support each other daily to avoid spiritual hardening.

Hebrews Chapter Three is both an encouragement and a warning: to fix our eyes on the lord Messiah Jesus, remain steadfast in faith, and not repeat the mistakes of unbelief that led to Israel’s downfall.

HEBREWS CHAPTER FOUR

Hebrews chapter four is a rich chapter that continues the argument from Hebrews 3, emphasizing the importance of faith, obedience, and perseverance in entering God's - Yehovah's promised rest.

Below is a verse-by-verse explanation of Hebrews chapter four, grounded in scriptural references.

Hebrews 4:1-5 – The Promise of God’s - Yehovah's Rest Remains

Warning Against Unbelief (v. 1-2)

Verse 1:

"Let us therefore fear, lest a promise being left us of entering into his rest, any of you should seem to come short of it."

The “rest” here refers to the spiritual rest that God - Yehovah offers, paralleling the Israelites’ journey to the Promised Land. The warning is clear: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus should not fall into the same disobedience that kept Israel from entering Canaan (Psalm 95:11).

Verse 2:

"For unto us was the gospel [message about the kingdom of God] preached, as well as unto them: but the word preached did not profit them, being not mixed with faith in them that heard it."

The author warns believers not to fail to reach God’s rest due to unbelief, just as the Israelites in the wilderness (Psalm 95:7-11; Hebrews 3:7-19).

The gospel was preached to Israel, but it did not benefit them because they did not combine it with faith (Hebrews 4:2).

The Israelites heard God’s – Yehovah’s promise but failed to believe (Numbers 14:22-23). Similarly, hearing the gospel is not enough; faith is required.

God’s Rest Is Still Available (v. 3-5)

Verse 3:

"For we which have believed do enter into rest, as he said, As I have sworn in my wrath, if they shall enter into my rest: although the works were finished from the foundation of the world."

The author warns believers not to fail to reach God’s - Yehovah's rest due to unbelief, just as the Israelites in the wilderness (Psalm 95:7-11; Hebrews 3:7-19).

The gospel was preached to Israel, but it did not benefit them because they did not combine it with faith (Hebrews 4:2).

God’s - Yehovah's rest has existed since Creation (Genesis 2:2). The Sabbath rest symbolizes a deeper spiritual rest in the lord Messiah Jesus.

True followers of the lord Messiah Jesus enter into God’s – Yehovah’s spiritual rest (Matthew 11:28-30). The reference to "the works were finished" suggests that God's – Yehovah’s plan of rest was established from creation (Genesis 2:2).

Verses 4-5:

"For He spoke in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, And God - Yehovah did rest the seventh day from all His works. And in this place again, if they shall enter into my rest."

True followers of the lord Messiah Jesus enter God’s Yehovah's rest, while those who are disobedient do not (Psalm 95:11).

God’s - Yehovah's rest has existed since Creation (Genesis 2:2). The Sabbath rest symbolizes a deeper spiritual rest in the lord Messiah Jesus.

The Sabbath rest (Genesis 2:2) was a model of the greater spiritual rest God - Yehovah offers through His Son Jesus. The Israelites failed to enter this deeper rest because of their disobedience (Psalm 95:11).

Hebrews 4:6-11 – A Better Rest in the lord Messiah Jesus.

Joshua Did Not Give Final Rest (v. 6-8)

Verse 6:

"Seeing therefore it remains that some must enter therein, and they to whom it was first preached entered not in because of unbelief:"

The promise of rest is still available, but those who reject it, as Israel did, will not enter.

Verses 7-8:

"Again, He limits a certain day, saying in David, Today, after so long a time; as it is said, today if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts. For if Joshua - Yehoshua had given them rest, then would he not afterward have spoken of another day."

Joshua - Yehoshua led Israel into Canaan, yet that was not the final rest God - Yehovah promised. David, centuries later, still spoke of a future rest (Psalm 95:7-8).

Even after Joshua - Yehoshua led Israel into Canaan, David later spoke of another rest (Psalm 95:7-8), proving that the true rest was still future.

This shows that the Promised Land was only a shadow of the ultimate rest in the lord Messiah Jesus.

The True Sabbath Rest (v. 9-10)

Verse 9:

"There remains therefore a rest to the people of God - Yehovah."
The ultimate rest is not just physical but spiritual, found in the lord Messiah Jesus (Revelation 14:13).

Verse 10:

"For he that is entered into his rest, he also hath ceased from his own works, as God – Yehovah did from His."

A "Sabbath rest" (Greek: sabbatismos) remains for God’s - Yehovah's people.

This rest is not inactivity but ceasing from self-effort (works) and trusting in the lord Messiah Jesus finished work (Matthew 11:28-30).

Just as God - Yehovah ceased from creation work, the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus cease from self-effort and rely on the lord Messiah Jesus (Ephesians 2:8-9).

Strive to Enter Rest (v. 11)

Verse 11:

"Let us labour therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief."

We must diligently seek God’s – Yehovah’s rest through faith and obedience, avoiding Israel’s mistake (Hebrews 3:19).

A "Sabbath rest" (Greek: sabbatismos) remains for God’s - Yehovah's people.

This rest is not inactivity but ceasing from self-effort (works) trusting in the lord Messiah Jesus finished work (Matthew 11:28-30).

Hebrews 4:12-13: The word of God - Yehovah Exposes the Heart

The Power of God’s - Yehovah's Word (v. 12-13)

Verse 12:

"For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart."

God’s - Yehovah's word is alive and penetrating, exposing true intentions (Jeremiah 23:29; Ephesians 6:17).

Verse 13:

"Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do."

Nothing is hidden from God’s - Yehovah's sight (Psalm 139:1-4). He sees everything, including the condition of our hearts.

Scripture is living, active, and sharper than a two-edged sword, discerning thoughts and intentions.

Nothing is hidden from God - Yehovah; all are accountable to Him.

Hebrews 4:14-16 — Jesus as Our Sympathetic High Priest

Verse 14:

"Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God - Yehovah, let us hold fast our profession."

The lord Messiah Jesus is superior to the earthly priests because He has ascended to heaven [seated at the right hand of God - Yehovah (Hebrews 7:25).

Verse 15:

"For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin."

Note: As the lord Messiah Jesus was tempted as we are, then he cannot be the so-called god/man that has been passed down by the traditions of men. Why: because God - Yehovah cannot be tempted.

The lord Messiah Jesus fully understands human struggles but remained sinless (Matthew 4:1-11).

Because the lord Messiah Jesus passed through the heavens (his ascension), we must hold firmly to our confession.

He was tempted in every way yet without sin, so He understands our weaknesses.

Approach the Throne of Grace with Confidence (v. 16)

Verse 16:

"Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need."

Because of the lord Messiah Jesus, we can boldly seek mercy and grace in times of need (Ephesians 3:12; Romans 5:2).

Application for Believers:

Rest as Salvation and Sanctification

The "rest" is both a present reality (peace with God through faith) and a future hope (eternal glory).

This parallels the lord Messiah Jesus’ invitation: "Come to me, all who labor… I will give you rest" (Matthew 11:28).

Warning Against Apostasy

Hebrews repeatedly warns against hardening the heart (Hebrews 3:12-13; 4:7).

The Superiority of Christ’s Priesthood

The lord Messiah Jesus’ perfect priesthood (Hebrews 4:14-16) prepares the way for the deeper discussion in Hebrews 5-10.

Conclusion:

Hebrews chapter four calls the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus to faith and obedience, warning against unbelief while emphasizing the sufficiency of the lord Messiah Jesus as our High Priest.

The true rest of God - Yehovah is available to all who trust in Him. It beautifully ties together Old Testament history (Israel’s failure), Psalms (Psalm 95), and the fulfillment in the lord Messiah Jesus, urging his followers to persevere in faith.

THE BOOK OF EPHESIANS

EPHESIANS CHAPTER ONE

Ephesians Chapter One is a rich scriptural text written by the Apostle Paul, emphasizing God's - Yehovah's blessings, the inheritance of the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus, and Paul's prayer for spiritual enlightenment.

Below is a detailed breakdown of chapter one:

Greeting (Verses 1–2)

From Paul, an apostle of the Messiah Jesus by God's – Yehovah’s will. To God's – Yehovah’s holy and faithful people who are united with the Messiah in the city of Ephesus. Good will and peace from God - Yehovah our Father and the lord Messiah Jesus are yours!

Paul introduces himself as an apostle of Jesus the Messiah by God's – Yehovah’s will and addresses the saints in Ephesus and other faithful followers of the lord Messiah Jesus. He offers a blessing of grace and peace from God the Father – Yehovah and Jesus the Messiah.

Spiritual Blessings in lord Messiah Jesus (Verses 3–14)

Praise the God and Father - Yehovah of the lord Messiah Jesus! Through the Messiah, God - Yehovah has blessed us with every spiritual blessing that heaven has to offer. Before the creation of the world, He chose us through the Messiah to be holy and perfect in His presence. Because of His love He had already decided to adopt us through Jesus the Messiah. He freely chose to do this so that the kindness He had given us in His dear Son would be praised and given glory. Through the blood [sin-offering sacrifice] of his Son, we have been set free from our sins. God - Yehovah forgives our failures because of His overflowing kindness. He poured out His kindness by giving us every kind of wisdom and insight when He revealed the mystery of His plan to us. He had decided to do this through the Messiah. He planned to bring all of history to its goal in the Messiah. Then the Messiah will be the head of everything in heaven and on earth [as lord and Messiah]. God - Yehovah also decided ahead of time to choose us through the Messiah according to His plan, which makes everything work the way He intends. He planned all of this so that we who had already focused our hope on the Messiah would praise him and give him glory. You heard and believed the message of truth, the Good News [about the kingdom of God] that he has saved you. In him you were sealed with the Holy Spirit that He promised. The Holy Spirit is the guarantee that we will receive our inheritance. We have this guarantee until we are set free to belong to Him. God - Yehovah receives praise and glory for this.

This section highlights God's eternal plan and blessings for believers:

Blessings in Heavenly Places (Verse 3): Paul praises God - Yehovah for blessing the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus with every spiritual blessing in the Messiah.

Election and Predestination (Verses 4–5): God - Yehovah chose the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus before the foundation of the world to be holy and blameless in love. He predestined [marked out beforehand] them for adoption as His children through the lord Messiah Jesus.

Grace and Redemption (Verses 6–7): The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are accepted in the beloved – the Messiah and redeemed through his blood [sin-offering sacrifice], receiving forgiveness of sins according to God's – Yehovah’s abundant grace.
Revelation of God's – Yehovah’s Will (Verses 8–10): God - Yehovah lavished wisdom on the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus, revealing His plan to unite all things in heaven and earth under the lord Messiah Jesus at the fullness of time.

Inheritance and Sealing by the Spirit (Verses 11–14): The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are predestined [marked out beforehand] to an inheritance in the lord Messiah Jesus, sealed with the Holy Spirit as a guarantee of their redemption until they fully possess it [at their resurrection, all for God's glory.

3. Thanksgiving and Prayer (Verses 15–23)

I, too, have heard about your faith in the lord Jesus and your love for all of God's – Yehovah’s people. For this reason, I never stop thanking God - Yehovah for you. I always remember you in my prayers. I pray that the glorious Father - Yehovah, the God of the lord Messiah Jesus, would give you a spirit of wisdom and revelation as you come to know the Messiah better. Then you will have deeper insight. You will know the confidence that He calls you to have and the glorious wealth that God's – Yehovah’s people will inherit. You will also know the unlimited greatness of his power as it works with might and strength for us, the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus. He worked with that same power in the Messiah when He brought him back to life and gave him the highest position in heaven [as lord and Messiah]. He is far above all rulers, authorities, powers, lords, and all other names that can be named, not only in this present age but also in the age to come. God - Yehovah has put everything [all creation] under the control of the Messiah [only Yehovah is excluded]. He has made the Messiah the head of everything for the good of the called-out Assembly. The called-out Assembly is the Messiah's body and completes him as he fills everything in every way.

Paul transitions into thanksgiving and intercession for his readers:

Thanksgiving for Faith and Love (Verses 15–16): Paul expresses gratitude for their faith in Jesus and love for fellow followers of the lord Messiah Jesus, continually praying for them.
Prayer for Wisdom and Revelation (Verse 17): He asks God - Yehovah to grant them spiritual wisdom and revelation to deepen their knowledge of Him.

Enlightenment of Understanding (Verse 18): Paul prays that their hearts be enlightened to comprehend the hope of God's – Yehovah’s calling, the riches of His glorious inheritance, and His power toward the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus.

The Messiah’s Exaltation (Verses 19–23): Paul describes God's – Yehovah’s mighty power demonstrated in raising the lord Messiah Jesus from the dead, exalting Him above all rulers, authorities, powers, dominions, and every name. The lord Messiah Jesus is made head over all things for the called-out Assembly, which is his body - the fullness of Him - Yehovah who fills all in all.

Note: 1 Corinthians 15:27: Clearly, God - Yehovah has put everything under the Messiah's authority. When God - Yehovah says that everything [all creation – heaven, earth, and mankind] has been put under the Messiah's authority, this clearly excludes God - Yehovah, since God - Yehovah has put everything under the Messiah's authority.

EPHESIANS CHAPTER TWO

Ephesians Chapter Two is divided into two main sections:

Salvation by Grace through Faith (verses 1–10) and
Unity in the lord Messiah Jesus (verses 11–22).

Below is a detailed breakdown of chapter two:

Salvation by Grace through Faith (Verses 1–10)

***God – Yehovah saved us because of His great love for us

You were once dead because of your failures and sins. You followed the ways of this present age and its spiritual ruler [the Adversary – Satan]. This ruler continues to work in people who refuse to obey God - Yehovah. All of us once lived among these people and followed the desires of our corrupt nature. We did what our corrupt desires and thoughts wanted us to do. So, because of our [corrupt] nature, we deserved God’s – Yehovah’s anger just like everyone else.

But God is rich in mercy because of His great love for us. We were dead because of our sins, but He made us alive together with the Messiah. [It is God’s – Yehovah's grace that saved you.] God - Yehovah has brought us back to life together with the Messiah Jesus and has given us a position in heaven with him. He did this through the Messiah Jesus out of His generosity to us to show His extremely rich kindness in the world to come. God saved you through faith as an act of kindness. You had nothing to do with it. Being saved is a gift from God. It’s not the result of anything you’ve done, so no one can brag about it. God has made us what we are. He has created us in the Messiah Jesus to live lives filled with good works that He has prepared for us to do.

Paul begins by describing the spiritual condition of humanity before salvation:

Dead in Sin: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus were spiritually dead, living in disobedience and sin, influenced by the Adversary - Satan ("the prince of the power of the air") and their own fleshly desires (verses 1–3).

God’s Mercy and Grace: Despite humanity's sinful state, God - Yehovah, rich in mercy and love, made the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus alive in the Messiah. This marks the first mention of salvation by grace (verses 4–5).

Raised with the lord Messiah Jesus: Paul emphasizes that the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are seated with the Messiah in heavenly places, showcasing God's – Yehovah’s grace throughout eternity (verses 6–7).

Salvation by Faith: Verses 8–9 is pivotal, stating salvation is a gift from God through faith that cannot be earned by works, ensuring no one can boast. The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are described as God’s – Yehovha’s “workmanship,” created for good works prepared in advance by God - Yehovah (verse 10).

Unity in the lord Messiah Jesus (verses 11-22

Remember that you were not Jewish physically. Those who called themselves “the circumcised” because of what they had done to their bodies called you “the uncircumcised.” Also, at that time, you were without the Messiah. You were excluded from citizenship in Israel, and the covenants God made in His promises were foreign to you. You had no hope and were in the world without God - Yehovah.

But now through the Messiah Jesus you, who were once far away, have been brought near by the blood [sin-offering sacrifice] of the Messiah. So, he is our peace. In his body, he has made Jewish and non-Jewish people one by breaking down the wall of hostility that kept them apart. He brought an end to the commandments and demands found in Moses’ Teachings so that he could take Jewish and non-Jewish people and create one New Humanity in himself [When we become new creations in the lord Messiah Jesus, we have become members of the New Humanity of which he is the federal head]. So, he made peace. He also brought them back to God in one body by his cross, on which he did away with the hostility. He came with the Good News [gospel of the kingdom God] of peace for you who were far away and for those who were near. So Jewish and non-Jewish people can go to the Father - Yehovah in one Spirit.

That is why you are no longer foreigners and outsiders but citizens together with God’s – Yehovah’s people and members of God’s family. You are built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets. The Messiah Jesus himself is the cornerstone. In him all the parts of the building fit together and grow into a holy temple in the Lord. Through him you, also, are being built in the Spirit together with others into a place where God - Yehovah lives.

Paul transitions to focus on the reconciliation and unity brought through the lord Messiah Jesus:

Gentiles Included: Gentiles were once alienated from God’s – Yehovah’s promises, described as “uncircumcision” and without hope. However, through the lord Messiah Jesus blood [sin-offering sacrifice], they have been brought near to God - Yehovah (verses 11–13).

Breaking Down Divisions:

The lord Messiah Jesus abolished hostility between Jews and Gentiles, creating one unified family. The law of commandments was fulfilled in Him, establishing peace and reconciliation (verses 14–16).
Access to God - Yehovah: Through the lord Messiah Jesus, both Jews and Gentiles have access to God - Yehovah the Father by one Spirit (verse 18).

The Called-out Assembly as God's – Yehovah’s Household: Gentile followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are no longer strangers but part of God’s – Yehovah’s household. The called-out Assembly is depicted as a spiritual temple built on the foundation of apostles and prophets, with the lord Messiah Jesus as the cornerstone. This temple grows into a dwelling place for God’s Spirit (verses 19–22).

Key Themes

Transformation from Death to Life: Humanity’s journey from spiritual death to spiritual life through God's – Yehovah’s mercy and grace is central to this chapter.

Salvation as a Gift: Salvation is entirely dependent on God's – Yehovah’s grace through faith, not human effort.

Unity in the lord Messiah Jesus: This chapter emphasizes reconciliation between Jews and Gentiles, forming one unified body – the called-out Assembly.

Purpose for the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are described as God's workmanship, created for good works prepared beforehand.

Ephesians Chapter 2 offers a profound reflection on salvation and unity in the lord Messiah Jesus, urging the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus to live out their new identity, as members of God’s New Humanity as part of God's – Yehovah’s spiritual family.

EPHESIANS CHAPTER THREE

Ephesians Chapter Three 3 is a pivotal part of Paul's letter to the called-out Assembly in Ephesus, transitioning from the scriptural truth about salvation and grace to practical applications of living for the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus.

This chapter is divided into two main sections:

Paul’s explanation of the mystery of the lord Messiah Jesus (verses 1–13) and
Paul’s prayer for spiritual strength (verses 14–21).

Verses 1–13: The Mystery of the lord Messiah Jesus Revealed

**Paul’s work of spreading the good new about the kingdom of God.

This is the reason I, Paul, am the prisoner of Jesus the Messiah for those of you who are not Jewish. Certainly, you have heard how God - Yehovah gave me the responsibility of bringing His grace to you. You have heard that He let me know this mystery through a revelation. I’ve already written to you about this briefly. When you read this, you will see that I understand the mystery about the Messiah. In the past, this mystery was not known by people as it is now. God’s Spirit has now revealed it to His holy apostles and prophets. This mystery is the Good News that people who are not Jewish have the same inheritance as Jewish people do. They belong to the same body and share the same promise that God - Yehovah made in the Messiah Jesus. I became a slave of this Good News through God’s – Yehovah’s grace freely given to me when His power worked in me.

I am the least of all God’s – Yehovah’s people. Yet, God - Yehovah showed me His kindness by allowing me to spread the Good News of the immeasurable wealth of the Messiah to people who are not Jewish. He allowed me to explain the way this mystery works. God - Yehovah, who created all things, kept it hidden in the past. He did this so that now, through the called-out Assembly, he could let the rulers and authorities in heaven know His infinite wisdom. This was God’s – Yehovah’s plan for all of history, which he carried out through the lord Messiah Jesus. We can go to God - Yehovah with bold confidence through faith in the Messiah. So then, I ask you not to become discouraged by the troubles I suffer for you. In fact, my troubles bring you glory.

Paul's Role and Calling:

Paul identifies himself as a prisoner for the lord Messiah Jesus on behalf of the Gentiles (v. 1). He emphasizes his unique calling to administer God's – Yehovah’s grace and reveal the mystery entrusted to him (v. 2–3).

This mystery, previously hidden, is now revealed through the Spirit of God to apostles and prophets (v. 4–5).

The Mystery Defined:

The mystery is that Gentiles are co-heirs with Israel [when they enter into the kingdom of God], members of the same body, and partakers of the promise in the lord Messiah Jesus through the gospel [message about the kingdom of God] (v. 6).

Paul's Ministry:

Paul acknowledges his role as a slave of the gospel [the message about the kingdom of God] by God’s – Yehovah’s grace, despite considering himself "less than the least" of all the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus (v. 7–8).

His mission is to preach to Gentiles about the boundless riches of the Messiah and make plain God’s – Yehovah’s eternal plan, which was hidden for ages (v. 9).

God's Purpose Through the Called-out Assembly:

The called-out Assembly is to display God’s – Yehovah’s manifold wisdom to rulers and authorities in heavenly realms, fulfilling His eternal purpose accomplished in the lord Messiah Jesus (v. 10–11).
Through faith in Jesus, his followers have boldness and confident access to God - Yehovah (v. 12).

Encouragement Amid Suffering:

Paul urges his readers not to be discouraged by his imprisonment but to see it as their glory because it advances God’s – Yehovah’s plan (v. 13).

Verses 14–21: Paul’s Prayer for Spiritual Strength

This is the reason I kneel in the presence of the Father from whom all the family in heaven and on earth receives its name. I am asking God - Yehovah to give you a gift from the wealth of His glory. I pray that He would give you inner strength and power through His Spirit. Then the Messiah will live in you through faith. I also pray that love may be the ground into which you sink your roots and on which you have your foundation. This way, with all of God’s – Yehovah’s people you will be able to understand how wide, long, high, and deep His love is. You will know the Messiah’s love, which goes far beyond any knowledge. I am praying this so that you may be completely filled with God - Yehovah.

Glory belongs to God - Yehovah, whose power is at work in us. By this power, He can do infinitely more than we can ask or imagine. Glory belongs to God - Yehovah in the called-out Assembly and in the Messiah Jesus for all time and eternity! Amen.

Paul's Posture in Prayer:

Paul kneels before God - Yehovah, acknowledging Him as the Father from whom every family derives its name (v. 14–15).

Prayer for Inner Strength:

He prays that God - Yehovah would strengthen the Ephesians through His Spirit so that the Messiah may dwell in their hearts through faith (v. 16–17).

Understanding the lord Messiah Jesus Love:

Paul desires for the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus to be rooted and grounded in love, comprehending its vast dimensions; its width, length, height, and depth; and knowing a love that surpasses knowledge (v. 18–19).

Filled with God's – Yehovah’s Fullness:

He prays that they may be filled with all the fullness of God - Yehovah, experiencing His transformative presence (v. 19).

Doxology:

The chapter concludes with praise to God - Yehovah, who can do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine according to His power at work within us (v. 20).

Paul gives glory to God - Yehovah in the called-out Assembly and in the Messiah Jesus throughout all generations forever (v. 21).


Key Themes

Unity in the lord Messiah Jesus: Jews and Gentiles are united as one body through faith in Jesus.
God’s – Yehovah’s Eternal Plan: The mystery of salvation was part of God's – Yehovah’s purpose from eternity.
Spiritual Empowerment: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are strengthened by God’s – Yehovah’s Spirit to grasp the incomprehensible love of the Messiah.
God's – Yehovah’s Omnipotence: Paul highlights God's – Yehovah’s ability to exceed human imagination in fulfilling His purposes.

This chapter beautifully intertwines scriptural truth with heartfelt prayer, encouraging the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus to embrace their identity in the lord Messiah Jesus while seeking spiritual maturity and strength through God's – Yehovah’s love and power.

EPHESIANS CHAPTER FOUR

Ephesians Chapter Four marks a pivotal shift in Paul’s letter, transitioning from doctrinal teachings to practical applications. It emphasizes unity, spiritual growth, and the transformation of believers' lives.

Below is a detailed breakdown of this chapter:

Unity in the Body of the lord Messiah Jesus (Ephesians 4:1–6)

I, a prisoner in the Lord, encourage you to live the kind of life which proves that God - Yehovah has called you. Be humble and gentle in every way. Be patient with each other and lovingly accept each other. Through the peace that ties you together, do your best to maintain the unity that the Spirit gives. There is one body and one Spirit. In the same way, you were called to share one hope. There is one lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all - Yehovah, who is over everything, through everything, and in everything.

Paul begins by urging believers to live a life worthy of their calling, emphasizing virtues that foster unity:

Humility, gentleness, patience, and love are essential for maintaining peace and harmony (4:2).

Paul underscores the oneness of the faith of the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus through seven unifying elements: one body, one Spirit, one hope, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, and one God and Father of all (4:4–6).

This reflects the spiritual unity that binds all the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus together.

Diversity of Gifts and Roles in the Church (Ephesians 4:7–16)

God’s grace has been given to each of us. It was measured out to us by the Messiah who gave it. That’s why the Scriptures say:

“When he went to the highest place, he took captive those who had captured us and gave gifts to people.”

Now what does it mean that he went up except that he also had gone down to the lowest parts of the earth [the grave]? The one who had gone down also went up above all the heavens so that he fills everything [because Yehovah has made him both lord and Messiah with power of all His creation and over mankind].

He also gave apostles, prophets, and missionaries, as well as pastors and teachers, as gifts to his called-out Assembly. Their purpose is to prepare God’s – Yehovah’s people to serve and to build up the body of the Messiah [the called-out Assembly]. This is to continue until all of us are united in our faith and in our knowledge about God’s – Yehovah’s Son, until we become mature, until we measure up to the Messiah, who is the standard. Then we will no longer be little children, tossed and carried about by all kinds of teachings that change like the wind. We will no longer be influenced by people who use cunning and clever strategies to lead us astray. Instead, as we lovingly speak the truth, we will grow up completely in our relationship to the Messiah, who is the head [of the called-out Assembly]. He makes the whole body fit together and unites it through the support of every joint. As each and every part does its job, he makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love.

Paul explains that while believers are united, they are also diverse in their spiritual gifts:

The lord Messiah’s gifts to his followers are distributed according to his will (4:7). These include roles such as apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers (4:11). These roles equip the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus for ministry and build up the called-out Assembly.

The purpose of these gifts is to achieve unity in faith, grow in knowledge of the Messiah, and attain spiritual maturity (4:12–13). Maturity helps the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus avoid being misled by false teachings and enables them to speak the truth in love (4:14–15).

Paul uses the metaphor of the called-out Assembly as a body with the Messiah as its head. Each member contributes to its growth by working together in love (4:16).

3. The New Life in the lord Messiah Jesus (Ephesians 4:17–32)

So, I tell you and encourage you in the lord’s name not to live any longer like other people in the world. Their minds are set on worthless things. They cannot understand because they are in the dark [spiritually]. They are excluded from the life that God - Yehovah approves of because of their ignorance and stubbornness. Since they no longer have any sense of shame, they have become promiscuous. They practice every kind of sexual perversion with a constant desire for more.

But that is not what you learned from the Messiah’s teachings. You have certainly heard his message and have been taught his ways. The truth is in Jesus. You were taught to change the way you were living. The person you used to be would ruin you through desires that deceived you. However, you were taught to have a new attitude [a renewed mind]. You were also taught to become a new person created to be like God, with a life that truly has God’s – Yehovah’s approval and is holy.

So then, get rid of lying. Speak the truth to each other because we are all members of the same body. Be angry without sinning. Don’t go to bed angry. Don’t give the devil any opportunity to work. Thieves must quit stealing and, instead, they must work hard. They should do something good with their hands so that they’ll have something to share with those in need. Do not say anything that would hurt another person, Instead, speak only what is good so that you can give help wherever it is needed. That way, what you say will help those who hear you. Don’t give God’s – Yehovah’s Holy Spirit any reason to be upset with you. He has put his seal on you for the day you will be set free from the world of sin. [at the resurrection] Get rid of your bitterness, hot tempers, anger, loud quarreling, cursing, and hatred. Be kind to each other, sympathetic, forgiving each other as God - Yehovah has forgiven you through the Messiah.

Paul contrasts the old sinful life with the new life believers are called to live:

The Old Self: Non-believers ("Gentiles" in this context) live in futility, ignorance, and hardness of heart. They are alienated from God - Yehovah and indulge in impurity (4:17–19).

The New Self: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus must "put off" their old self and "put on" a new self created in righteousness and holiness. This transformation begins with a renewal of the mind (4:22–24).

Paul provides specific instructions for living this new life:

Speak truthfully to others because all the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are part of one body (4:25).

Avoid sinning in anger and do not give the devil a foothold (4:26–27).
Work honestly and share with those in need instead of stealing (4:28).
Use words to build others up rather than tearing them down (4:29).
Do not grieve the Holy Spirit but strive for kindness, compassion, and forgiveness, modeling the Messiah’s forgiveness toward us (4:30–32).

Key Themes

Unity: The chapter emphasizes that unity is rooted in shared faith and values but does not require uniformity. Diversity within unity strengthens the called-out Assembly.

Spiritual Growth: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are called to be mature in their faith, avoiding instability caused by false teachings.

Transformation: The life of a follower of the lord Messiah Jesus involves a radical transformation from an old sinful nature to a new life marked by holiness.

Practical Applications

Actively pursue unity by practicing humility, patience, and love.
Identify your spiritual gifts and use them to serve others within your community.

Commit to personal spiritual growth through prayer, study, and fellowship.

Replace sinful behaviors with godly virtues such as honesty, kindness, and forgiveness.

Ephesians chapter four serves as both an exhortation to live out the Gospel practically and a blueprint for building a unified yet diverse community of the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus.

EPHESIANS CHAPTER FIVE

Ephesians chapter 5 can be divided into two main sections:

Living as followers of the lord Messiah Jesus (verses 1–21) and
Marriage as a Reflection of the Messiah and the Called-out Assembly (verses 22–33).

Below is a detailed outline:

Living as followers of the lord Messiah Jesus: Walking in Love, Light, and Wisdom (Ephesians 5:1–21)

Imitating God – Yehovah. (vv. 1-7

Imitate God, since you are the children he loves. Live in love as the Messiah also loved us. He gave his life for us as a sin-offering sacrifice, a soothing aroma to God - Yehovah.

Don’t let sexual sin, perversion of any kind, or greed even be mentioned among you. This is not appropriate behavior for God’s – Yehovah’s holy people. It’s not right that dirty stories, foolish talk, or obscene jokes should be mentioned among you either. Instead, give thanks to God. You know very well that no person who is involved in sexual sin, perversion, or greed (which means worshiping wealth) can have any inheritance in the kingdom of God. Don’t let anyone deceive you with meaningless words. It is because of sins like these that God’s – Yehovah’s anger comes to those who refuse to obey him. Do not be partners with them.

Walking in Love (Verses 1–7)

Call to Imitate God: Believers are urged to imitate God as His beloved children, living in love as Christ loved us sacrificially (verses 1–2)
Warning Against Immorality: Sexual immorality, impurity, greed, and foolish talk are condemned as inappropriate for God's holy people. Such behaviors exclude one from inheriting the Kingdom of God (verses 3–5)

Avoiding Deception: Believers are warned not to be deceived by empty words that minimize sin, as these behaviors bring God's wrath upon the disobedient (verses 6–7)

Living as Children of Light (Verses 8–14)

Once you lived in the dark, but now the lord has filled you with light. Live as children who have light. Light produces everything good that has God’s – Yehovah’s approval, and that is true. Determine which things please the lord. It has nothing to do with the useless works that [spiritual] darkness produces. Instead, expose them for what they are. It is shameful to talk about what some people do in secret. Light exposes the true character of everything because light makes everything easy to see. That’s why it says:

“Wake up, sleeper! Rise from the dead, and you will shine with the Messiah’s light.

Transformation from [spiritual] Darkness to Light: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are called to live as children of light, producing goodness, righteousness, and truth (verses 8–10).

Exposing Sin: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus should avoid fruitless deeds of [spiritual] darkness and instead expose them through their righteous living (verses 11–12).

Call to Awaken Spiritually: Paul quotes an early follower of the lord Messiah Jesus hymn urging the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus to awaken spiritually so they will shine with the Messiah’s light (13- 14).

Walking in Wisdom and Spirit-Filled Living (Verses 15–21)

So then, be very careful how you live. Don’t live like foolish people but like wise people. Make the most of your opportunities because these are evil days. So don’t be foolish but understand what the lord wants. Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to wild living. Instead, be filled with the Spirit by reciting psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs for your own good. Sing and make music to the lord with your hearts. Always thank God - Yehovah the Father for everything in the name of the lord Messiah Jesus. Place yourselves under each other’s authority out of respect for the Messiah

Living Wisely: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are encouraged to make the most of their time and understand God's – Yehovah’s will because the days are evil (verses 15–17).

Filled with the Spirit: Instead of indulging in drunkenness, believers should be filled with God’s Holy Spirit, expressing their faith through psalms, hymns, thanksgiving, and mutual submission out of reverence for the lord Messiah Jesus (verses 18–21).

Marriage Reflecting the Messiah and the Called-out Assembly (Ephesians 5:22–33)

Wives, place yourselves under your husbands’ authority as you have placed yourselves under the Lord’s authority. The husband is the head of his wife as the Messiah is the head of the called-out Assembly. It is his body, and he is its Savior. As the called-out Assembly is under the Messiah’s authority, so wives are under their husbands’ authority in everything.

Husbands, love your wives as the Messiah loved the called-out Assembly and gave his life for it. He did this to make the called-out Assembly holy by cleansing it, washing it using water along with spoken words. Then he could present it to himself as a glorious called-out Assembly, without any kind of stain or wrinkle, holy and without faults. So, husbands must love their wives as they love their own bodies. A man who loves his wife loves himself. No one ever hated his own body. Instead, he feeds and takes care of it, as the Messiah takes care of the called-out Assembly. We are parts of his body. That’s why a man will leave his father and mother and be united with his wife, and the two will be one. This is a great mystery. (I’m talking about the Messiah’s relationship to the called-out Assembly) But every husband must love his wife as he loves himself, and wives should respect their husbands.

Wives’ Submission to Husbands (Verses 22–24)

Submission as unto the Lord: Wives are called to submit to their husbands in a way that reflects their submission to the Messiah, using the analogy of the Messiah’s headship over the called-out Assembly (verses 22–24).

Husbands’ Love for Wives (Verses 25–30)

Sacrificial Love: Husbands are instructed to love their wives as the Messiah loves the called-out Assembly, sacrificing himself for her sanctification and cleansing through his word (verses 25–27).

Love as Self-Love: Husbands are reminded that loving their wives is akin to loving themselves since they are one flesh with their wives (verses 28–30).

The Mystery of Marriage and the Messiah’s Relationship with the Called-out Assembly (Verses 31–33)

Genesis Reference: Paul cites Genesis 2:24 regarding a man leaving his parents to unite with his wife as one flesh, applying this profound mystery to the Messiah's relationship with the called-out Assembly (verses 31–32).

Summary Command: Husbands must love their wives as themselves, while wives must respect their husbands (verse 33).

Key Themes

Imitation of God: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are called to emulate God’s – Yehovah’s character in love and holiness.

Light vs Darkness: The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus must live transformed lives that expose sin and reflect God’s -Yehovah’s truth.
Spirit-Filled Living: A life guided by God’s – Yehovah’s Holy Spirit leads to wisdom, thanksgiving, and mutual submission.

Marriage as a Divine Model: The relationship between a husband and wife mirrors the Messiah's sacrificial love for the called-out Assembly.

This chapter provides both practical guidance for daily living and profound scriptural insights into marriage.

EPHESIANS CHAPTER SIX

Ephesians Chapter 6: Scriptural Account and Explanation

Ephesians Chapter 6 is the concluding chapter of Paul's letter to the Ephesians. It provides practical instructions for relationships, spiritual warfare, and final greetings. Below is a detailed account based on scripture:

Verses 1–4: Children and Parents

Children, obey your parents because you are followers of the lord Messiah Jesus. This is the right thing to do. “Honor your father and mother that everything may go well for you, and you may have a long life on earth.” This is an important commandment with a promise.

Fathers, do not make your children bitter about life. Instead, bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus.

Children are instructed to obey their parents in the lord because it is right (v. 1). This command is tied to the fifth commandment: "Honor your father and mother," which is the first commandment with a promise (v. 2). The promise is that things will go well and they will enjoy long life on earth (v. 3).

Fathers are warned not to provoke their children to anger but are encouraged to raise them in the nurture and admonition of the lord (v. 4).

Verses 5–9: Servants and Masters

Slaves, obey your earthly masters with proper respect. Be as sincere as you are when you obey the Messiah. Don’t obey them only while you’re being watched, as if you merely want to please people. But obey like slaves who belong to the Messiah, who have a deep desire to do what God - Yehovah wants them to do. Serve eagerly as if you were serving your heavenly master and not merely serving human masters. You know that your heavenly master will reward all of us for whatever good we do, whether we’re slaves or free people.

Masters, treat your slaves with respect. Don’t threaten a slave. You know that there is one master in heaven who has authority over both of you, and he doesn’t play favorites.

Servants (or slaves) are instructed to obey their earthly masters with respect, fear, and sincerity, as though serving the Messiah rather than men (vv. 5–6). They are urged to serve wholeheartedly, knowing that God - Yehovah will reward their good deeds regardless of their status (vv. 7–8).

Masters are advised to treat their servants in the same way, refraining from threats. Paul reminds them that both masters and servants share a Master in heaven who shows no favoritism (v. 9).

Verses 10–20: The Armor of God

Finally, receive your power from the lord and from his mighty strength. Put on all the armor that God - Yehovah supplies. In this way, you can take a stand against the devil’s strategies. This is not a wrestling match against a human opponent. We are wrestling with rulers, authorities, the powers who govern this world of [spiritual] darkness, and spiritual forces that control evil in the heavenly places. For this reason, take up all the armor that God - Yehovah supplies. Then you will be able to take a stand during these evil days. Once you have overcome all obstacles, you will be able to stand your ground.

So then, take your stand! Fasten truth around your waist like a belt. Put on God’s – Yehovah’s approval as your breastplate. Put on your shoes so that you are ready to spread the Good News [about the kingdom of God] that gives peace. In addition to all these, take the faith of the followers of the lord Messiah Jesus as your shield. With it you can put out all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Also, take salvation as your helmet and God’s – Yehovah’s word as the sword that His Spirit supplies.

Pray in the Spirit  in every situation. Use every kind of prayer and request there is. For the same reason, be alert. Use every kind of effort and make every kind of request for all of God’s – Yehovah’s people. 19 Also pray that God will give me the right words to say. Then I will speak boldly when I reveal the mystery of the Good News. Because I have already been doing this as the Messiah’s representative - ambassador, I am in prison. So, pray that I speak about this Good News as boldly as I have to.

Paul shifts focus to spiritual warfare:

The followers of the lord Messiah Jesus are called to be strong in the lord and his mighty power (v. 10).

They are instructed to put on the full armor of God - Yehovah to stand against the devil's schemes (v. 11).

The battle is not against flesh and blood but against spiritual forces of evil in heavenly realms - places (v. 12).

The armor includes:

Belt of truth (v. 14)
Breastplate of righteousness (v. 14)
Shoes fitted with readiness from the gospel of peace (v. 15)
Shield of faith, which extinguishes fiery darts from the evil one (v. 16)
Helmet of salvation (v. 17)
Sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God (v. 17).

Paul emphasizes prayer, urging believers to pray always in the Spirit for all the saints – holy ones and remain alert with perseverance (v. 18). He requests prayers for boldness in proclaiming the gospel [the message about the kingdom of God] despite being an ambassador in chains (vv. 19–20).

Verses 21–24: Final Greetings

I’m sending Tychicus to you. He is our dear brother and a faithful deacon in the lord’s work. He will tell you everything that is happening to me so that you will know how I’m getting along. That’s why I’m sending him to you so that you may know how we’re doing and that he may encourage you.

May God - Yehovah the Father and the lord Messiah Jesus give our brothers and sisters peace and love along with faith. His grace is with everyone who has an undying love for the lord Messiah Jesus.

Paul introduces Tychicus, a beloved brother and faithful minister, who will inform the Ephesians about Paul’s circumstances and encourage their hearts (vv. 21–22).

He concludes with blessings of peace, love, faith, and grace for all who love Jesus Christ with an undying love (vv. 23–24).

Summary

Ephesians Chapter Six addresses:

Family Relationships: Children should obey parents; fathers must nurture without provoking anger.

Social Relationships: Servants should serve sincerely; masters must treat servants fairly.

Spiritual Warfare: Believers must wear God's – Yehovah’s armor to stand firm against spiritual challenges.

Final Encouragements: Paul offers blessings and sends Tychicus for encouragement.

This chapter combines practical guidance with spiritual empowerment, emphasizing unity in the lord Messiah Jesus across all relationships and situations